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2015 AIME II Problems/Problem 11: Difference between revisions

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==Solution==
==Solution==
<asy>
unitsize(30);
draw(Circle((0,0),3));
pair A,B,C,O, Q, P, M, N;
A=(2.5, -sqrt(11/4));
B=(-2.5, -sqrt(11/4));
C=(-1.96, 2.28);
Q=(-1.89, 2.81);
P=(1.13, -1.68);
O=origin;
M=foot(O,C,B);
N=foot(O,A,B);
draw(A--B--C--cycle);
label("$A$",A,SE);
label("$B$",B,SW);
label("$C$",C,NW);
label("$Q$",Q,NW);
dot(O);
label("$O$",O,NE);
label("$M$",M,W);
label("$N$",N,S);
label("$P$",P,S);
draw(B--O);
draw(C--Q);
draw(Q--O);
draw(O--C);
draw(O--A);
draw(O--P);
draw(O--M, dashed);
draw(O--N, dashed);
draw(rightanglemark((-2.5, -sqrt(11/4)),(0,0),(-1.89, 2.81),5));
draw(rightanglemark(O,N,B,5));
draw(rightanglemark(B,O,P,5));
draw(rightanglemark(O,M,C,5));
</asy>
Call the <math>M</math> and <math>N</math> foot of the altitudes from <math>O</math> to <math>BC</math> and <math>AB</math>, respectively. Let <math>OB = r</math> and let <math>OQ = k</math>. Notice that <math>\triangle{OMB} \sim \triangle{OQB}</math> because both are right triangles, and <math>\angle{OBQ} \cong \angle{OBM}</math>. Then, <math>MB = r\left(\frac{r}{4.5}\right) = \frac{r^2}{4.5}</math>. However, since <math>O</math> is the circumcenter of triangle <math>ABC</math>, <math>OM</math> is a perpendicular bisector by the definition of a circumcenter. Hence, <math>\frac{r^2}{4.5} = 2 \implies r = 3</math>. We can use the Pythagorean theorem to find <math>ON</math>, so we have <cmath>NB^2 + ON^2 = OB^2 \implies \left(\frac{5}{2}\right)^2 + ON^2 = 3^2 \implies ON = \sqrt{\frac{11}{4}}.</cmath> Likewise, <math>\triangle{PBO} \sim \triangle{PNO}</math> because both are right triangles, and <math>\angle{BPO} \cong \angle{NPO}</math>. Hence, since <math>\triangle{BNO} \sim \triangle{BPO}</math> as well, we have that <math>\triangle{BNO} \sim \triangle{PNO}</math>. It follows that <math>NP = \sqrt{\frac{11}{4}}\left(\frac{\sqrt{{\frac{11}{4}}}}{\frac{5}{2}}\right) = \frac{11}{10}</math>. We add this to <math>BN</math> to get <math>BP</math>, so <math>BP = \frac{5}{2} + \frac{11}{10} = \frac{36}{10} = \frac{18}{5}</math>. Our answer is <math>18 + 5 = \boxed{023}</math>.


==See also==
==See also==
{{AIME box|year=2015|n=II|num-b=10|num-a=12}}
{{AIME box|year=2015|n=II|num-b=10|num-a=12}}
{{MAA Notice}}
{{MAA Notice}}

Revision as of 19:39, 27 March 2015

Problem

The circumcircle of acute $\triangle ABC$ has center $O$. The line passing through point $O$ perpendicular to $\overline{OB}$ intersects lines $AB$ and $BC$ and $P$ and $Q$, respectively. Also $AB=5$, $BC=4$, $BQ=4.5$, and $BP=\frac{m}{n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m+n$.

Solution

[asy] unitsize(30); draw(Circle((0,0),3)); pair A,B,C,O, Q, P, M, N; A=(2.5, -sqrt(11/4)); B=(-2.5, -sqrt(11/4)); C=(-1.96, 2.28); Q=(-1.89, 2.81); P=(1.13, -1.68); O=origin; M=foot(O,C,B); N=foot(O,A,B); draw(A--B--C--cycle); label("$A$",A,SE); label("$B$",B,SW); label("$C$",C,NW); label("$Q$",Q,NW); dot(O); label("$O$",O,NE); label("$M$",M,W); label("$N$",N,S); label("$P$",P,S); draw(B--O); draw(C--Q); draw(Q--O); draw(O--C); draw(O--A); draw(O--P); draw(O--M, dashed); draw(O--N, dashed); draw(rightanglemark((-2.5, -sqrt(11/4)),(0,0),(-1.89, 2.81),5)); draw(rightanglemark(O,N,B,5)); draw(rightanglemark(B,O,P,5)); draw(rightanglemark(O,M,C,5)); [/asy]

Call the $M$ and $N$ foot of the altitudes from $O$ to $BC$ and $AB$, respectively. Let $OB = r$ and let $OQ = k$. Notice that $\triangle{OMB} \sim \triangle{OQB}$ because both are right triangles, and $\angle{OBQ} \cong \angle{OBM}$. Then, $MB = r\left(\frac{r}{4.5}\right) = \frac{r^2}{4.5}$. However, since $O$ is the circumcenter of triangle $ABC$, $OM$ is a perpendicular bisector by the definition of a circumcenter. Hence, $\frac{r^2}{4.5} = 2 \implies r = 3$. We can use the Pythagorean theorem to find $ON$, so we have \[NB^2 + ON^2 = OB^2 \implies \left(\frac{5}{2}\right)^2 + ON^2 = 3^2 \implies ON = \sqrt{\frac{11}{4}}.\] Likewise, $\triangle{PBO} \sim \triangle{PNO}$ because both are right triangles, and $\angle{BPO} \cong \angle{NPO}$. Hence, since $\triangle{BNO} \sim \triangle{BPO}$ as well, we have that $\triangle{BNO} \sim \triangle{PNO}$. It follows that $NP = \sqrt{\frac{11}{4}}\left(\frac{\sqrt{{\frac{11}{4}}}}{\frac{5}{2}}\right) = \frac{11}{10}$. We add this to $BN$ to get $BP$, so $BP = \frac{5}{2} + \frac{11}{10} = \frac{36}{10} = \frac{18}{5}$. Our answer is $18 + 5 = \boxed{023}$.

See also

2015 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 10 		Followed by
Problem 12
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

These problems are copyrighted © by the Mathematical Association of America.

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