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1970 IMO Problems/Problem 1: Difference between revisions

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== Problem ==
== Problem ==
 
Let <math>M</math> be a point on the side <math>AB</math> of <math>\triangle ABC</math>.  Let <math>r_1, r_2</math>, and <math>r</math> be the inscribed circles of triangles <math>AMC, BMC</math>, and <math>ABC</math>.  Let <math>q_1, q_2</math>, and <math>q</math> be the radii of the exscribed circles of the same triangles that lie in the angle <math>ACB</math>.  Prove that
( ''Proposed by Poland'' ) Let <math>\displaystyle M</math> be a point on the side <math>\displaystyle AB</math> of <math>\displaystyle \triangle ABC</math>.  Let <math>\displaystyle r_1, r_2</math>, and <math>\displaystyle r</math> be the inscribed circles of triangles <math>\displaystyle AMC, BMC</math>, and <math>\displaystyle ABC</math>.  Let <math>\displaystyle q_1, q_2</math>, and <math>\displaystyle q</math> be the radii of the exscribed circles of the same triangles that lie in the angle <math>\displaystyle ACB</math>.  Prove that


<center>
<center>
<math>\displaystyle \frac{r_1}{q_1} \cdot \frac{r_2}{q_2} = \frac{r}{q}</math>.
<math>\frac{r_1}{q_1} \cdot \frac{r_2}{q_2} = \frac{r}{q}</math>.
</center>
</center>


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We use the conventional triangle notations.
We use the conventional triangle notations.


Let <math>\displaystyle I</math> be the incenter of <math>\displaystyle ABC</math>, and let <math>\displaystyle I_{c}</math> be its excenter to side <math>\displaystyle c</math>.  We observe that
Let <math>I</math> be the incenter of <math>ABC</math>, and let <math>I_{c}</math> be its excenter to side <math>c</math>.  We observe that


<center>
<center>
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<center>
<center>
<math> \begin{matrix}
<math> \begin{matrix}
c & = & \displaystyle q \left[ \cot\left(\frac{\pi - A}{2}\right) + \cot \left(\frac{\pi - B}{2}\right) \right]\\
c & = &q \left[ \cot\left(\frac{\pi - A}{2}\right) + \cot \left(\frac{\pi - B}{2}\right) \right]\\
& = & \displaystyle q \left[ \tan\left(\frac{A}{2}\right) + \tan\left(\frac{B}{2}\right) \right]\; . \end{matrix}</math>
& = &q \left[ \tan\left(\frac{A}{2}\right) + \tan\left(\frac{B}{2}\right) \right]\; . \end{matrix}</math>
</center>
</center>


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<center>
<center>
<math>\displaystyle \tan (A/2) \tan (B/2) = \tan (A/2) \tan (AMC/2) \tan (B/2) \tan (CMB/2)</math>.
<math>\tan (A/2) \tan (B/2) = \tan (A/2) \tan (AMC/2) \tan (B/2) \tan (CMB/2)</math>.
</center>
</center>


But this follows from the fact that the angles <math>\displaystyle AMC</math> and <math>\displaystyle CBM</math> are supplementary.
But this follows from the fact that the angles <math>AMC</math> and <math>CBM</math> are supplementary.




{{alternate solutions}}
{{alternate solutions}}


== Resources ==
{{IMO box|year=1970|before=First question|num-a=2}}
 
* [[1970 IMO Problems]]
* [http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/viewtopic.php?p=366686#p366686 Discussion on AoPS/Mathlinks]
 


[[Category:Olympiad Geometry Problems]]
[[Category:Olympiad Geometry Problems]]

Revision as of 19:25, 25 October 2007

Problem

Let $M$ be a point on the side $AB$ of $\triangle ABC$. Let $r_1, r_2$, and $r$ be the inscribed circles of triangles $AMC, BMC$, and $ABC$. Let $q_1, q_2$, and $q$ be the radii of the exscribed circles of the same triangles that lie in the angle $ACB$. Prove that

$\frac{r_1}{q_1} \cdot \frac{r_2}{q_2} = \frac{r}{q}$.

Solution

We use the conventional triangle notations.

Let $I$ be the incenter of $ABC$, and let $I_{c}$ be its excenter to side $c$. We observe that

$r \left[ \cot\left(\frac{A}{2}\right) + \cot\left(\frac{B}{2}\right) \right] = c$,

and likewise,

$\begin{matrix} c & = &q \left[ \cot\left(\frac{\pi - A}{2}\right) + \cot \left(\frac{\pi - B}{2}\right) \right]\\ & = &q \left[ \tan\left(\frac{A}{2}\right) + \tan\left(\frac{B}{2}\right) \right]\; . \end{matrix}$

Simplifying the quotient of these expressions, we obtain the result

$\frac{r}{q} = \tan (A/2) \tan (B/2)$.

Thus we wish to prove that

$\tan (A/2) \tan (B/2) = \tan (A/2) \tan (AMC/2) \tan (B/2) \tan (CMB/2)$.

But this follows from the fact that the angles $AMC$ and $CBM$ are supplementary.


Alternate solutions are always welcome. If you have a different, elegant solution to this problem, please add it to this page.

1970 IMO (Problems) • Resources
Preceded by
First question 		1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 Followed by
Problem 2
All IMO Problems and Solutions
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