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1995 AJHSME Problems/Problem 20: Difference between revisions

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<math>\text{(A)}\ \dfrac{1}{3} \qquad \text{(B)}\ \dfrac{5}{12} \qquad \text{(C)}\ \dfrac{4}{9} \qquad \text{(D)}\ \dfrac{17}{36} \qquad \text{(E)}\ \dfrac{1}{2}</math>
<math>\text{(A)}\ \dfrac{1}{3} \qquad \text{(B)}\ \dfrac{5}{12} \qquad \text{(C)}\ \dfrac{4}{9} \qquad \text{(D)}\ \dfrac{17}{36} \qquad \text{(E)}\ \dfrac{1}{2}</math>


==Solution==
==Solution 1==


Note that the probability of Diana rolling a number larger than Apollo's is the same as the probability of Apollo's being more than Diana's. If we denote this common probability <math>D</math>, then <math>2D+P(</math>Apollo=Diana<math>)=1</math>. Now all we need to do is find <math>P(</math>Apollo=Diana<math>)</math>. There are <math>6(6)=36</math> possibilities total, and 6 of those have Apollo=Diana, so <math>P(</math>Apollo=Diana<math>)=\frac{6}{36}=\frac{1}{6}</math>. Going back to our first equation and solving for D, we get <cmath>2D+\frac{1}{6}=1</cmath> <cmath>2D=\frac{5}{6}</cmath> <cmath>D=\frac{5}{12} \Rightarrow \mathrm{(B)}</cmath>
Note that the probability of Diana rolling a number larger than Apollo's is the same as the probability of Apollo's being more than Diana's. If we denote this common probability <math>D</math>, then <math>2D+P(</math>Apollo=Diana<math>)=1</math>. Now all we need to do is find <math>P(</math>Apollo=Diana<math>)</math>. There are <math>6(6)=36</math> possibilities total, and 6 of those have Apollo=Diana, so <math>P(</math>Apollo=Diana<math>)=\frac{6}{36}=\frac{1}{6}</math>. Going back to our first equation and solving for D, we get <cmath>2D+\frac{1}{6}=1</cmath> <cmath>2D=\frac{5}{6}</cmath> <cmath>D=\frac{5}{12} \Rightarrow \mathrm{(B)}</cmath>
==Solution 2==
We can use simple casework to solve this problem too. There are six cases based on Apollo's Roll.
Apollo Rolls a 1: Diana could roll a <math>2</math>, <math>3</math>, <math>4</math>, <math>5</math>, or <math>6</math>.
Apollo Rolls a 2: Diana could roll a <math>3</math>, <math>4</math>, <math>5</math>, or <math>6</math>.
Apollo Rolls a 3: Diana could roll a <math>4</math>, <math>5</math>, or <math>6</math>.
Apollo Rolls a 4: Diana could roll a <math>5</math> or <math>6</math>.
Apollo Rolls a 5: Diana could roll a <math>6</math>.
Apollo Rolls a 6: There are no successful outcomes.
The total amount of successful cases is <math>5+4+3+2+1 = 15</math>. The total amount of possible cases is <math>6(6) = 36</math>. Therefore, the probability of Diana rolling a bigger number is <math>\frac{15}{36} = \frac{5}{12} \Rightarrow \mathrm{(B)}</math>
==See Also==
{{AJHSME box|year=1995|num-b=19|num-a=21}}

Latest revision as of 22:28, 11 February 2021

Problem

Diana and Apollo each roll a standard die obtaining a number at random from $1$ to $6$. What is the probability that Diana's number is larger than Apollo's number?

$\text{(A)}\ \dfrac{1}{3} \qquad \text{(B)}\ \dfrac{5}{12} \qquad \text{(C)}\ \dfrac{4}{9} \qquad \text{(D)}\ \dfrac{17}{36} \qquad \text{(E)}\ \dfrac{1}{2}$

Solution 1

Note that the probability of Diana rolling a number larger than Apollo's is the same as the probability of Apollo's being more than Diana's. If we denote this common probability $D$, then $2D+P($Apollo=Diana$)=1$. Now all we need to do is find $P($Apollo=Diana$)$. There are $6(6)=36$ possibilities total, and 6 of those have Apollo=Diana, so $P($Apollo=Diana$)=\frac{6}{36}=\frac{1}{6}$. Going back to our first equation and solving for D, we get \[2D+\frac{1}{6}=1\] \[2D=\frac{5}{6}\] \[D=\frac{5}{12} \Rightarrow \mathrm{(B)}\]

Solution 2

We can use simple casework to solve this problem too. There are six cases based on Apollo's Roll. Apollo Rolls a 1: Diana could roll a $2$, $3$, $4$, $5$, or $6$. Apollo Rolls a 2: Diana could roll a $3$, $4$, $5$, or $6$. Apollo Rolls a 3: Diana could roll a $4$, $5$, or $6$. Apollo Rolls a 4: Diana could roll a $5$ or $6$. Apollo Rolls a 5: Diana could roll a $6$. Apollo Rolls a 6: There are no successful outcomes. The total amount of successful cases is $5+4+3+2+1 = 15$. The total amount of possible cases is $6(6) = 36$. Therefore, the probability of Diana rolling a bigger number is $\frac{15}{36} = \frac{5}{12} \Rightarrow \mathrm{(B)}$

See Also

1995 AJHSME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 19 		Followed by
Problem 21
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AJHSME/AMC 8 Problems and Solutions
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