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2001 AMC 10 Problems/Problem 22: Difference between revisions

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<math> \textbf{(A)}\ 43 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 44 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 45 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 46 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 47 </math>
<math> \textbf{(A)}\ 43 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 44 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 45 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 46 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 47 </math>


==Solutions==
==Solution 1==
 
==Video solution 1==
 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-v6vCwJAGtI
 
-DaBob
 
===Solution 1===


We know that <math> y+z=2v </math>, so we could find one variable rather than two.
We know that <math> y+z=2v </math>, so we could find one variable rather than two.
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Since we needed <math> 2v </math> and we know <math> v=23 </math>, <math> 23 \times 2 = \boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 46} </math>.
Since we needed <math> 2v </math> and we know <math> v=23 </math>, <math> 23 \times 2 = \boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 46} </math>.


===Solution 2===
==Solution 2==


<math> v+24+w=43+v </math>
<math> v+24+w=43+v </math>
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To find our answer, we need to find <math> y+z </math>. <math> y+z=20+26 = \boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 46} </math>.
To find our answer, we need to find <math> y+z </math>. <math> y+z=20+26 = \boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 46} </math>.


=== Solution 3 (Really Easy Solution) ===
== Solution 3 (Really Easy Solution) ==
A nice thing to know is that any <math>3</math> numbers that go through the middle form an arithmetic sequence.
A nice thing to know is that any <math>3</math> numbers that go through the middle form an arithmetic sequence.


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-harsha12345
-harsha12345


==Systems of Equations==
==Solution 4 (Systems of Equations)==
Create an equation for every row, column, and diagonal. Let <math>e</math> be the sum of the rows, columns, and diagonals.  
Create an equation for every row, column, and diagonal. Let <math>e</math> be the sum of the rows, columns, and diagonals.  
<cmath>w+v+24=e</cmath>
<cmath>w+v+24=e</cmath>
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-OofPirate
-OofPirate
==Solution 5==
Using the middle row and middle column, we can get <math>18+x+y=24+x+z</math>, so <math>y-z=6</math>. Then, by using the choices, <math>y+z=43, 44, 45, 46, </math> or <math>47</math>. After solving for <math>y</math> and <math>z</math>, we can fill up the square to see that the only possibility is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 46}</math>.
~Yuhao2012
==Video solution 1==
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-v6vCwJAGtI
-DaBob


==Video Solution 2==
==Video Solution 2==
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{{AMC10 box|year=2001|num-b=21|num-a=23}}
{{AMC10 box|year=2001|num-b=21|num-a=23}}
{{MAA Notice}}
{{MAA Notice}}
[[Category: Introductory Algebra Problems]]

Latest revision as of 16:18, 18 October 2025

Problem

In the magic square shown, the sums of the numbers in each row, column, and diagonal are the same. Five of these numbers are represented by $v$, $w$, $x$, $y$, and $z$. Find $y + z$.

[asy] unitsize(10mm); defaultpen(linewidth(1pt)); for(int i=0; i<=3; ++i) { draw((0,i)--(3,i)); draw((i,0)--(i,3)); } label("$25$",(0.5,0.5)); label("$z$",(1.5,0.5)); label("$21$",(2.5,0.5)); label("$18$",(0.5,1.5)); label("$x$",(1.5,1.5)); label("$y$",(2.5,1.5)); label("$v$",(0.5,2.5)); label("$24$",(1.5,2.5)); label("$w$",(2.5,2.5));[/asy]

$\textbf{(A)}\ 43 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 44 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 45 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 46 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 47$

Solution 1

We know that $y+z=2v$, so we could find one variable rather than two.

$v+24+w=43+v$

$24+w=43$

$w=19$

[asy] unitsize(10mm); defaultpen(linewidth(1pt)); for(int i=0; i<=3; ++i) { draw((0,i)--(3,i)); draw((i,0)--(i,3)); } label("$25$",(0.5,0.5)); label("$z$",(1.5,0.5)); label("$21$",(2.5,0.5)); label("$18$",(0.5,1.5)); label("$x$",(1.5,1.5)); label("$y$",(2.5,1.5)); label("$v$",(0.5,2.5)); label("$24$",(1.5,2.5)); label("$19$",(2.5,2.5));[/asy]

$44+x=24+x+z \implies z=20$

[asy] unitsize(10mm); defaultpen(linewidth(1pt)); for(int i=0; i<=3; ++i) { draw((0,i)--(3,i)); draw((i,0)--(i,3)); } label("$25$",(0.5,0.5)); label("$20$",(1.5,0.5)); label("$21$",(2.5,0.5)); label("$18$",(0.5,1.5)); label("$x$",(1.5,1.5)); label("$y$",(2.5,1.5)); label("$v$",(0.5,2.5)); label("$24$",(1.5,2.5)); label("$19$",(2.5,2.5));[/asy]

The sum per row is $25+21+20=66$.

Thus $66-18-25=66-43=v=23$.

Since we needed $2v$ and we know $v=23$, $23 \times 2 = \boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 46}$.

Solution 2

$v+24+w=43+v$

$24+w=43$

$w=19$

[asy] unitsize(10mm); defaultpen(linewidth(1pt)); for(int i=0; i<=3; ++i) { draw((0,i)--(3,i)); draw((i,0)--(i,3)); } label("$25$",(0.5,0.5)); label("$z$",(1.5,0.5)); label("$21$",(2.5,0.5)); label("$18$",(0.5,1.5)); label("$x$",(1.5,1.5)); label("$y$",(2.5,1.5)); label("$v$",(0.5,2.5)); label("$24$",(1.5,2.5)); label("$19$",(2.5,2.5));[/asy]

$44+x=24+x+z \implies z=20$

[asy] unitsize(10mm); defaultpen(linewidth(1pt)); for(int i=0; i<=3; ++i) { draw((0,i)--(3,i)); draw((i,0)--(i,3)); } label("$25$",(0.5,0.5)); label("$20$",(1.5,0.5)); label("$21$",(2.5,0.5)); label("$18$",(0.5,1.5)); label("$x$",(1.5,1.5)); label("$y$",(2.5,1.5)); label("$v$",(0.5,2.5)); label("$24$",(1.5,2.5)); label("$19$",(2.5,2.5));[/asy]

The magic sum is determined by the bottom row. $25+20+21=66$.

Solving for $y$:

$y=66-19-21=66-40=26$.

To find our answer, we need to find $y+z$. $y+z=20+26 = \boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 46}$.

Solution 3 (Really Easy Solution)

A nice thing to know is that any $3$ numbers that go through the middle form an arithmetic sequence.

Using this, we know that $x=(24+z)/2$, or $2x=24+z$ because $x$ would be the average.

We also know that because $x$ is the average the magic sum would be $3x$, so we can also write the equation $3x-46=z$ using the bottom row.

Solving for x in this system we get $x=22$, so now using the arithmetic sequence knowledge we find that $y=26$ and $z=20$.

Adding these we get $\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 46}$.


-harsha12345

Solution 4 (Systems of Equations)

Create an equation for every row, column, and diagonal. Let $e$ be the sum of the rows, columns, and diagonals. \[w+v+24=e\] \[x+y+18=e\] \[z+46=e\] \[v+43=e\] \[x+z+24=e\] \[w+y+21=e\] \[x+w+25=e\] \[x+v+21=e\].

Notice that $z+46=e$ and $x+z+24=e$ both have $z$. Equate them and you get that $x=22$. Using that same strategy, we use $v+43=e$ instead. $w+v+24=e$ is good for our purposes. It turns out that $w=19$. Since we already know those numbers, and $x+w+25=e$, We can say that $e$ will be $66$. We are now able to solve: $x+z+24=e$, $w+y+21=e$, $x+v+21=e$, and $x+y+18=e$. Respectively, $v=23$, $w=19$, $x=22$, $y=26$, and $z=20$. We only require The sum of $y+z$, which is $26+20=46$. We get that the sum of $y$ and $z$ respectively is $\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 46}$

-OofPirate

Solution 5

Using the middle row and middle column, we can get $18+x+y=24+x+z$, so $y-z=6$. Then, by using the choices, $y+z=43, 44, 45, 46,$ or $47$. After solving for $y$ and $z$, we can fill up the square to see that the only possibility is $\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 46}$.

~Yuhao2012

Video solution 1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-v6vCwJAGtI

-DaBob

Video Solution 2

https://youtu.be/9guPi81LgfM

~savannahsolver

See Also

2001 AMC 10 (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 21 		Followed by
Problem 23
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

These problems are copyrighted © by the Mathematical Association of America.

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